Survey Regarding Changing Food Habits in Wake of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic was caused by the emergence of the new coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) in Wuhan, China, on December 12, 2019, and it has significantly impacted human health. It has also caused abrupt changes in lifestyle that have had social and economic repercussions, including social exclusion and isolation at home. This study aimed to investigate how COVID-19 has affected the food habits and lifestyle of the general population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chennai to assess the awareness level of the population regarding the protective measures they take during the pandemic, and 500 participants of all ages were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. The study found that over 50% of the participants increased their intake of vegetables and fruits, and about 49.33% decreased their intake of fast food and snacks. Furthermore, more than 40% of the participants added immune-boosting ingredients to their diet. These results suggest that the study population adopted healthier dietary habits and behaviors, including a more nutritious diet with more vegetables, immune-boosting foods, and increased water intake. © 2023 IEEE.

Misleading Beyond Visual Tricks: How People Actually Lie with Charts

Data visualizations can empower an audience to make informed decisions. At the same time, deceptive representations of data can lead to inaccurate interpretations while still providing an illusion of data-driven insights. Existing research on misleading visualizations primarily focuses on examples of charts and techniques previously reported to be deceptive. These approaches do not necessarily describe how charts mislead the general population in practice. We instead present an analysis of data visualizations found in a real-world discourse of a significant global event - Twitter posts with visualizations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our work shows that, contrary to conventional wisdom, violations of visualization design guidelines are not the dominant way people mislead with charts. Specifically, they do not disproportionately lead to reasoning errors in posters' arguments. Through a series of examples, we present common reasoning errors and discuss how even faithfully plotted data visualizations can be used to support misinformation. © 2023 Owner/Author.

The Impact of COVID-19 Routine Life - A Survey

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus, has had a significant impact on daily life, education, business, and trade. The virus spreads quickly through direct contact with droplets, fecal-oral transmission, and water contamination. The consequences of the pandemic can be classified into three categories: health, economic, and social. The physical, mental, and psychological behaviors of individuals have also changed due to the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the general population. A survey questionnaire with ten questions was distributed through an online portal, and the responses were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that healthcare workers were among the most affected, with the primary impact on their social and psychological well-being. Although previous research suggested that all fields were equally affected, this study found that healthcare workers were the most impacted group. The study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the social and psychological well-being of the general population, with healthcare workers being the most affected. © 2023 IEEE.

COVID-19, Health Habits, and Addictive Behaviors in the General Population

The lockdown due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on daily routines and habits. New lifestyle behaviors contributed to the onset and course of mental diseases, including addictive problems. The objective of this work was to describe changes in health status during lockdown in the general population, including potentially addictive behaviors, and explore possible contributing factors. The analyzed data comprised a population-based sample of 240 individuals (73.3% women, mean age 43.8 years old). Assessments included sociodemographics and self-reports for health state and addictive behaviors. The risk of perceived worsening physical and psychological state was 21.7% and 20.0%, respectively, after the lockdown. The risk of requiring a new treatment for physical and psychological illnesses was 10.4% and 4.2%, respectively, while 2.5% of the participants started using illegal drugs and 9% initiated video game use. Finally, the statistical predictors of health worsening during the lockdown were the presence of anxiety symptoms, being unmarried, having low education levels, experiencing fears related to COVID-19 infection, and having family conflicts. This research identified vulnerability factors contributing to changes in physic and mental health, as well as those associated with addictive behaviors during lockdown. These results should be considered in further stressful situations to design personalized preventive and therapeutic plans. © Author(s).

Age and adult attachment style predict psychological distress in the Singapore general population during COVID-19.

To date, there is increasing evidence to suggest that age and adult attachment styles, such as secure, anxious and avoidant attachment are predictive or protective for psychological distress. The study aimed to investigate the extent to which age and adult attachment style, measured by the Attachment Style Questionnaire, predicted psychological distress, measured by the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale, in the Singapore general population during COVID-19. Ninety-nine residents of Singapore (44 females, 52 males, 3 prefer not to state their gender) aged between 18 and 66 completed an online survey, which collected information on age, adult attachment styles and levels of psychological distress. Multiple regression analysis was performed to study the influence of predictive factors on psychological distress. The study identified 20.2%, 13.1% and 14.1% of participants reporting psychological distress at the mild, moderate and severe levels, respectively. The study also reported that age and psychological distress were negatively correlated, and that psychological distress was negatively correlated with both anxious and avoidant attachment styles. It was concluded that age and adult attachment style significantly predicted psychological distress in the Singapore general population during COVID-19. Further studies exploring other variables and risk factors are required to further consolidate these results. At the global level, these findings may help countries predict residents' reactions to future outbreaks and help them prepare strategies and approaches to address these situations.

Changes to assessments of child well-being brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic - Finnish family services and child welfare services supervisors' perspective

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted social work practices, given limitations to practitioners' possibilities to meet with clients face-to-face since spring 2020. In this article, we examine the kinds of changes the COVID-19 pandemic brought about in relation to assessment practices in Finnish family and child welfare services. Collected in 2021 and 2022, data consist of 17 interviews with supervisors who work in family and child welfare services and who are responsible for organising the assessment of children's well-being. To analyse the data, we employed a thematic analysis. As a result of our study, we identified and named three different themes to describe changes to practices from different perspectives. These themes are moving to remote communication, delays in the availability of social and health services and assessment deadlines as well as the challenges of conducting assessments.

Seroprevalence of SARS-Cov-2 Virus Infection In Kermanshah, Iran: A Population-based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a general population from Kermanshah province, Iran. Method(s): The present study was a population-based cross-sectional design conducted in Kermanshah province in 2020. Sampling was performed in a multi-stage process, and 1967 participants were considered, and also 174 interviewers were assigned to collect data online. Then, 5 mL of blood sample was taken from every participant. The blood samples were centrifuged with the ELISA method to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in serum samples. Seropositive prevalence was adjusted by means of survey analysis. Case fatality rate (CFR) and infection fatality rate (IFR) were estimated. Result(s): A total of 1967 people from 14 cities of the province participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 35.7+/-16.9, and 50.4% were female. The lowest and highest seroprevalence was found in the cities of Paveh (2.3% [0.3-4.2]) and Harsin (61.6% [54.7-68.5]), respectively. The CFR and IFR in men and women were 3.4 vs. 3.3 and 0.1 vs. 0.3. The aged 60 years or older had the highest CFR and IFR with 11.2 and 3.7%, respectively. Conclusion(s): The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and IFR among the general population of Kermanshah province was 18.3 and 0.3%, respectively. The results of this study can assist the policymaker in assessing risk factors, and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a population and implementing preventive and control interventions.Copyright © 2023 Shadmani et al.

Monitoring Social Distancing using CNN for minimizing COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the highly infectious Coronavirus that brought the disease to the world. Preventing Covid by keeping the partition among people since it is not possible to get relatable information of an individual about its contamination. The WHO considers 6-ft to be a safe separation for individuals who take all other necessary precautions (masks, sanitizing, etc.)[1]. The undertaking targets utilizing Artificial Insight to implement this social separation openly put by continually checking the separation between individuals shown in a video feed, also alarming the dependable individual to initiate the required moves. This video feed can be used without any problem gathered by the prior framework across the general population places like CCTV Cameras. This would enable us to continually observe the separation between any two people in a public place. The adaptability is exceptionally arranged highly, so that cameras are introduced at practically on every open spots[2]. © 2022 IEEE.

Social representations of mask wearing in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Although one of the most prominent interventions against COVID-19, face masks seem poorly adopted by the general population. A growing body of literature has found that using face masks has social meaning. This qualitative study assessed the perceptions, representations and practices of mask wearing in the general population. Methods: A qualitative survey by short semi-structured walking interviews was carried out from April to December 2021 in 11 cities in France's Pays de la Loire region. Study locations were selected for their varied geographical, social, and economic characteristics, with urbanized and rural areas. Four domains linked to perceptions of masks and wearing them were explored: (i) evolution in mask wearing, (ii) decision-making methods for wearing and not wearing; (iii) incorporating the mask into way of life; (iv) projecting into the future. Results: A total of 116 people were interviewed. Masks marked a shift from the ordinary world to the pandemic. Overall, interviewees considered masks an obstacle to breathing, communication, and social interactions, leading to establishing strategies circumventing the mask mandate. Poor attention was paid to their medical usefulness as an obligatory clothing accessory. Mask-wearing decisions were driven by social relations, common sense, and vulnerability. The greater the feeling of security (i.e., being with close relatives), the less it was worn or worn properly, with decreased attention to others and their health. Most participants did not remember learning to wear a mask. Some were convinced that mask-wearing could not be learned (experiential knowledge). Institutions (school and work) played a central role by facilitating incorporation of masks into daily life. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need to reinforce the individual medical values of face masks to prevent COVID-19. Ambitious education and training programmes should be planned to learn how and when to wear masks. Institutions (work and school) may be critical for this purpose.

SARS-CoV-2 testing, infection and places of contamination in France, a national cross-sectional study, December 2021.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the use of diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 in France until December 2021, the characteristics of people infected, and places of contamination. METHODS: Data were collected from the national 2021 Health Barometer cross-sectional study, which was conducted between February and December 2021 and included French-speaking individuals aged 18-85 years old selected through randomly generated landline and mobile phone numbers. Participants were interviewed about COVID-19-like symptoms in the previous 12 months, diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2, positive diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2, and the place(s) of contamination. Determinants of diagnostic testing and of infection were studied using univariate and multivariate Poisson regressions. RESULTS: A total of 24,514 persons participated in the study. We estimated that 66.4% [65.0-67.7] of persons had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 the last time they experienced COVID-19-like symptoms, and that 9.8% [9.3-10.3] of the population in France - with or without symptoms - had been tested positive. Diagnostic testing was less frequent in men, unemployed persons, and people living alone; it was also less frequent during the first months of the pandemic. The estimated proportion of the population infected was higher in healthcare professionals (PRa: 1.5 [1.3-1.7]), those living in large cities ( > = 200 000 inhabitants, and Paris area) (1.4 [1.2-1.6]), and in households comprising > 3 persons (1.7 [1.5-2.0]). It was lower in retired persons (0.8 [0.6-0.97]) and those over 65 years old (0.6 [0.4-0.9]). Almost two-thirds (65.7%) of infected persons declared they knew where they were contaminated; 5.8% [4.5-7.4] reported being contaminated outdoors, 47.9% [44.8-51.0] in unventilated indoor environments, and 43.4% [40.3-46.6] in ventilated indoor environments. Specifically, 51.1% [48.0-54.2] declared they were contaminated at home or in a family of friend's house, 29.1% [26.4-31.9] at their workplace, 13.9% [11.9-16.1] in a healthcare structure, and 9.0% [7.4-10.8] in a public eating place (e.g., cafeteria, bar, restaurant). CONCLUSIONS: To limit viral spread, preventive actions should preferentially target persons tested least frequently and those at a higher risk of infection. They should also target contamination in households, healthcare structures, and public eating places. Importantly, contamination is most frequent in places where prevention measures are most difficult to implement.

Feasibility and effect of a self-help online acceptance and commitment therapy program focused on repetitive negative thinking for Colombian young women

Online psychological interventions (OPI) are evidence-based programs that provide mental health treatment over the internet. Meta-analytic data suggests that OPI's effectively treat emotional symptomatology. RNT-focused ACT consider psychological inflexibility and RNT as trans-diagnostic process that significantly predict emotional symptomatology. The present study analyzed the effect of a self-help OPI which contents have previously shown content validity, user feasibility and effectivity. This is an open trial design with repeated measures of emotional symptomatology and behavioral change processes. Bayesian analysis of variance for repeated measures was conducted with JASP for each variable, Bayes Factors (BF10) determined how much the evidence favored OPI effect. Effect sizes, reliable and significant change and moderation analyses were also conducted. 18 cisgender women around 30 years old mostly heterosexual, single and unemployed finished the OPI. There is decisive evidence for OPI effect on emotional symptomatology and behavioral change processes (experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion and RNT). There is also anecdotal evidence for the moderating role of the number of hierarchical RNT triggers ( private events), their type and intimate partner relationship distress as well as anecdotal evidence against the moderating role of being a psychologist. Results need to be considered in the context of the study limitations and future research should explore the program's feasibility and effect in other populations and cultures. However, the program is feasible and efficacious for the treatment of emotional symptomatology at least for young cisgender women in Colombia.

Symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in six European countries and Australia - Differences by prior mental disorders and migration status.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about changes of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in potentially disadvantaged groups. We investigated changes in anxiety and depression symptoms during the first year of the pandemic in six European countries and Australia by prior mental disorders and migration status. METHODS: Overall, 4674 adults answered a web-based survey in May-June 2020 and were followed by three repeated surveys up to February 2021. Information on psychosocial, financial and demographic, living conditions, prior mental disorders, depression and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic and migration status was collected. Weighted general estimation equations modelling was used to investigate the association between prior mental disorders, migration status, and symptoms over time. RESULTS: Most participants were <40 years old (48%), women (78%) and highly educated (62%). The baseline prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms ranged between 19%-45% and 13%-35%, respectively. In most countries, prevalence rates remained unchanged throughout the pandemic and were higher among people with prior mental disorders than without even after adjustment for several factors. We observed interactions between previous mental disorders and symptoms of anxiety or depression over time in two countries. No difference by migration status was noted. LIMITATIONS: Convenience sampling limits generalizability. Self-assessed symptoms of depression and anxiety might involve some misclassification. CONCLUSIONS: Depression and anxiety symptoms were worse among individuals with prior mental disorders than without, but there was no clear trend of worsening mental health in the observed groups during the observed period.

The effects of covid-19 on child mental health: Biannual assessments up to april 2022 in a clinical and two general population samples

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had an acute impact on child mental and social health, but long-term effects are still unclear. We examined how child mental health has developed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic up to 2 years into the pandemic (April 2022). Methods We included children (age 8-18) from two general population samples (N = 222-1333 per measurement and N = 2401-13,362 for pre-covid data) and one clinical sample receiving psychiatric care (N = 334-748). Behavioral questionnaire data were assessed five times from April 2020 till April 2022 and pre-pandemic data were available for both general population samples. We collected parent-reported data on internalizing and externalizing problems with the Brief Problem Monitor and self-reported data on Anxiety, Depressive symptoms, Sleep-related impairments, Anger, Global health, and Peer relations with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Results In all samples, parents reported overall increased internalizing problems, but no increases in externalizing problems, in their children. Children from the general population self-reported increased mental health problems from before to during the pandemic on all six PROMIS domains, with generally worst scores in April 2021, and scores improving toward April 2022 but not to pre-pandemic norms. Children from the clinical sample reported increased mental health problems throughout the pandemic, with generally worst scores in April 2021 or April 2022 and no improvement. We found evidence of minor age effects and no sex effects. Conclusions Child mental health in the general population has deteriorated during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, has improved since April 2021, but has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels. Children in psychiatric care show worsening of mental health problems during the pandemic, which has not improved since. Changes in child mental health should be monitored comprehensively to inform health care and policy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Event centrality of the covid-19 outbreak and depressive symptoms in nurses and the general population: The mediating role of social connectedness

The restrictions imposed to control the COVID-19 pandemic had significant negative effects on the mental health of the general population, and particularly in nurses as frontline healthcare workers. The main goal of the present study was to analyze the direct and indirect effects, via social connectedness, of centrality of the COVID-19 outbreak on depressive symptoms. Furthermore, it is explored whether this association varied by group (nurses versus general population). The global sample included 326 individuals from the community and 316 nurses, who were administered self-reported questionnaires. Results revealed that event centrality of COVID-19 outbreak was linked to depressive symptoms, both directly and through the deterioration of social connectedness;moreover, this indirect effect was significant for both subsamples. Interventions aimed at preventing the deterioration of social connectedness may facilitate the decrease of depressive symptoms in the aftermath of the pandemic, particularly for nurses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Detecting Appropriate and Inappropriate COVID-19 Face Mask Wear in Controlled Environments Using Transfer Learning-Based Convolutional Neural Network

The most recent epidemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was brought on by a coronavirus subsequently found. The general population was still required to wear surgical face masks, sometimes known as medical masks, to safeguard against the coronavirus disease and monkeypox disease as well brought on by COVID-19 and monkeypox virus. In the majority of regulated conditions, it might be challenging to see if someone is wearing their mask properly. The researchers imply a COVID-19 detection of correct and improper wearing of surgical face masks in regulated areas as a way to help with the ongoing development of identification of facemask wearing to limit the spread of the virus. Models generated using deep learning to identify persons' proper wearing of masks were used. The model with the lowest performance in this study's model evaluation, Model 3, has an mAP of 0.0777. With an mAP of 0.9668 (96.68%) and 3.31 training loss, the model produced the best results in model 42. The said model obtained the highest mAP, which was used for testing and inferencing as a result. This study showed promising results and might be used to reliably identify appropriate mask wear in public by using proper detection of facemask technology. © 2022 IEEE.

Risk Perception and Preventive Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the General Population.

Background People's perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated risk are very essential to prevent the spread of the infection. The awareness among individuals may contribute to preventing COVID-19 infections. Coronavirus disease is a serious public health issue. However, preventive practices toward COVID-19 are relatively unknown. The present study aims to survey the risk perception and preventive practice during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in Odisha. Method A cross-sectional online survey among 395 participants was conducted by adopting the convenience sampling technique. The tools used for the survey consist of three divisions: collection of sociodemographic data, assessment of risk perception toward COVID-19, and assessment of preventive practices during COVID-19 through an online survey method. Results The majority (83.29%) of the participants strongly agreed that social distancing is necessary to control the transmission of COVID-19, 65.82% strongly agreed that lockdown is relevant to control COVID-19 spread, 49.62% strongly agreed that wearing a mask protects from the infection, and 40.25% strongly agreed that they will be able to connect with healthcare professionals if they are infected with COVID-19 infection. The finding revealed that the highest number of participants are always practicing all the preventive measures such as maintaining hand hygiene (77.21%), wearing a mask (68.10%), avoiding shaking hands (87.59%), willingness to seek medical help (90.37%), avoiding going to the market or meeting friends (80.75%), discussing preventive measures related to COVID-19 with their family members (76.45%), and eating only homemade food (87.34%). Conclusion This study found that an average number of study participants who had the highest level of practice on preventive measures are those who had higher perceived risk among the general population. Expanding the knowledge regarding the infection and its ill effect on health through the proper channel can bring a drastic change in the attitude of the general public. As many people depend on television and social media for acquiring information about COVID-19, any information that reaches the public should be accurate and based on evidence. To avoid miscommunication and the further spread of COVID-19, health education and awareness have to be implemented to increase self-efficacy and risk identification among the general public, which eventually increases the practice of preventive measures.

Antibody response, associated symptoms and profile of patients presumably infected by SARS-CoV-2 with taste or smell disorders in the SAPRIS multicohort study.

BACKGROUND: Taste or smell disorders have been reported as strongly associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. We aimed to identify subject characteristics, symptom associations, and antibody response intensity associated with taste or smell disorders. METHODS: We used data from SAPRIS, a study based on a consortium of five prospective cohorts gathering 279,478 participants in the French general population. In the analysis, we selected participants who were presumably infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the first epidemic wave. RESULTS: The analysis included 3,439 patients with a positive ELISA-Spike. Sex (OR = 1.28 [95% CI 1.05-1.58] for women), smoking (OR = 1.54 [95% CI 1.13-2.07]), consumption of more than 2 drinks of alcohol a day (OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.06-1.76]) were associated with a higher probability of taste or smell disorders. The relationship between age and taste or smell disorders was non-linear. Serological titers were associated with taste or smell disorders: OR = 1.31 [95% CI 1.26-1.36], OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.33-1.42] and OR = 1.34 [95% CI 1.29-1.39] for ELISA-Spike, ELISA-Nucleocapsid and seroneutralization, respectively. Among participants with taste or smell disorders, 90% reported a wide variety of other symptoms whereas 10% reported no other symptom or only rhinorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with a positive ELISA-Spike test, women, smokers and people drinking more than 2 drinks a day were more likely to develop taste or smell disorders. This symptom was strongly associated with an antibody response. The overwhelming majority of patients with taste or smell disorders experienced a wide variety of symptoms.

Depression among Nigerians during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a cross-sectional web-based study

Introduction: Despite the vulnerability of the general population to mental health problems during a pandemic, several studies have focused on the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the mental well-being of other populations such as healthcare workers and the elderly. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of depression amongst the general population in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic and its correlation with socio-demographic data. Material(s) and Method(s): A total of 1651 people within the age range of 18 years and above participated in this cross-sectional survey, and participants were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. An anonymous online questionnaire was used to collect the data on socio-demographics and the prevalence and pattern of depression among the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Result(s): More than 85% of the respondents showed patterns of depression ranging from minimal (35.8%) to severe (2.1%) symptoms. Respondents who were 18-27 years had the highest prevalence of depressive disorders (11.4%) amongst the respondents. Logistic regression analysis revealed the significant statistical difference in the prevalence of depressive symptoms amongst gender (OR = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.42-0.86) and the time spent on social media as participants who spent fewer hours (OR = 0.32;< 1 hour) were less likely to experience depressive symptoms than those who spent more (OR = 0.61;4-6 hours). Conclusion(s): Findings revealed a high prevalence of symptoms of depressive disorder amongst the general population. Therefore, there is a need to pay adequate attention to the mental health of the general population by providing psychological supports specific to target populations.Copyright © 2022 Via Medica. All rights reserved.

Risk and protective factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic-Findings from a pan-European study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a health emergency resulting in multiple stressors that may be related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: This study examined relationships between risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors, and PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data from the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST Study were used. N = 4,607 trauma-exposed participants aged 18 years and above were recruited from the general populations of eleven countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden) from June to November 2020. We assessed sociodemographic (e.g. gender), pandemic-related (e.g. news consumption), and health-related (e.g. general health condition) risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors (e.g. fear of infection), and probable PTSD (PC-PTSD-5). The relationships between these variables were examined using logistic regression on multiple imputed data sets. Results: The prevalence of probable PTSD was 17.7%. Factors associated with an increased risk for PTSD were younger age, female gender, more than 3 h of daily pandemic-related news consumption (vs. no consumption), a satisfactory, poor, or very poor health condition (vs. a very good condition), a current or previous diagnosis of a mental disorder, and trauma exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with a reduced risk for PTSD included a medium and high income (vs. very low income), face-to-face contact less than once a week or 3-7 times a week (vs. no contact), and digital social contact less than once a week or 1-7 days a week (vs. no contact). Pandemic-related stressors associated with an increased risk for PTSD included governmental crisis management and communication, restricted resources, restricted social contact, and difficult housing conditions. Conclusion: We identified risk and protective factors as well as stressors that may help identify trauma-exposed individuals at risk for PTSD, enabling more efficient and rapid access to care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Spanish) Antecedentes: La pandemia COVID-19 es una emergencia sanitaria que genera multiples estresores que pueden estar relacionados con el trastorno de estres postraumatico (TEPT). Objetivo: Este estudio examino las relaciones entre los factores de riesgo y protectores, estresores relacionados con la pandemia y TEPT durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodos: Se utilizaron los datos del estudio ADJUST de la Sociedad Europea de Estudios de Estres Traumatico (ESTSS por sus siglas en ingles). N = 4.607 participantes mayores de 18 anos expuestos a trauma fueron reclutados de la poblacion general de once paises (Austria, Croacia, Georgia, Alemania, Grecia, Italia, Lituania, Paises Bajos, Polonia, Portugal y Suecia) desde junio a noviembre 2020. Evaluamos factores de riesgo y protectores sociodemograficos (p.ej. genero), relacionados con la pandemia (p.ej. consumo de noticias) y relacionados con la salud (p.ej. estado de salud general), estresores relacionados con la pandemia (p.ej. temor a la infeccion) y TEPT probable (PC-PTSD-5 por sus siglas en ingles). Las relaciones entre estas variables se examinaron mediante regresion logistica en multiples conjuntos de datos imputados. Resultados: La prevalencia de TEPT probable fue del 17.7%. Los factores asociados con un mayor riesgo de TEPT fueron edad mas joven, sexo femenino, mas de 3 horas de consumo diario de noticias relacionadas con la pandemia (frente a ningun consumo), un estado de salud satisfactorio, malo o muy malo (frente a un estado muy bueno), un diagnostico de trastorno mental actual o previo y exposicion a un trauma durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Los factores asociados con un riesgo reducido de TEPT incluyeron ingresos medios y altos (frente a ingresos muy bajos), contacto cara a cara menos de una vez a la semana o de 3 a 7 veces por semana (frente a ningun contacto) y contacto social digital menos de una vez a la semana o de 1 a 7 dias a la semana (frente a ningun contacto). Los estresores relacionados con la pandemia asociados con un mayor riesgo de TEPT incluyeron la gestion y comunicacion de crisis gubernamental, recursos restringidos, contacto social restringido y condiciones de vivienda dificiles. Conclusiones: Identificamos factores de riesgo y protectores, asi como estresores que pueden ayudar a identificar a las personas expuestas a traumas en riesgo de TEPT, lo que permite un acceso mas eficiente y rapido a la atencion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Classification of Covid19 Vaccine-Related Tweets Using Deep Learning

In recent years, the majority of the world's population has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but owing to the invention of vaccinations, the epidemic has been brought under control. Most people are hesitant to share their experiences on official platforms after being vaccinated. As a result, information about vaccine-related adverse effects other than clinical trial results is challenging to identify. However, most people have shared their opinions about vaccines on social media since the COVID-19 immunization program began worldwide. This study aims to assess, using social media, the adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccination as perceived by the general population. The authors of the previous studies did not categorize tweets on the COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects as personal experience, informative, or advice-seeking. The authors of this study aim to classify tweets in the manner described above to fill a research gap and increase public awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine's side effects. The Kaggle repository collected tweets pertaining to COVID-19 vaccinations for this investigation. The authors manually classified collected tweets into two categories: those connected to COVID-19 vaccinations' adverse effects and those unrelated to COVID-19 vaccines' adverse effects. Then, valid tweets were further classified into three categories: personal experience, informative, and seeking advice. The authors then used the data to train four ML models. There are also SVM, Logistic Regression, LSTM, and ANN. The LSTM algorithm generated the most outstanding results, with an accuracy of 97.64&. In addition, the researchers conclude that the SVM may not be suitable for planned research since it gave the lowest degree of accuracy, 80%. © 2022 IEEE.